Influencing Factors on Breastfeeding Nursing Activities of Nursing Students / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the relationships among knowledge, attitudes and nursing activities while breastfeeding among nursing students, and to identify factors influencing nursing activities in breastfeeding. METHODS: The research participants were 172 nursing students in the nursing departments of 3 universities located in G city and J provinces. The students had successfully completed their obstetric and pediatric clinical practice courses. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. RESULTS: Participants' scores for knowledge, attitudes and nursing activities while breastfeeding were 16.24±2.73, 3.74±0.43 and 3.49±0.43, respectively. Knowledge and attitudes toward breastfeeding had positive correlations with nursing activities while breastfeeding. Factors influencing nursing students' nursing activities while breastfeeding included knowledge, attitudes toward breastfeeding, grade, breastfeeding educational experience, and breastfeeding intentions. These variables explained 18% of the variance in nursing activities while breastfeeding. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it would be beneficial to enhance knowledge and attitudes toward breastfeeding by developing education programs for breastfeeding.

Social Disaster Adaptation Experiences of Railroad Workers: Focused on the Iri Station Explosion of 1977 / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: The Iri station explosion that occurred in 1977 was a major social disaster in Korea, caused by a fire in a train equipped with explosives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the social disaster adaptation experiences of railroad workers. METHODS: This study was based on qualitative research using phenomenological methodology. Participants were six railroad workers who experienced the Iri station explosion. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with individual workers from March to June, 2018. The data analysis method was based on Colaizzi's approach. RESULTS: Experiences of railroad workers were categorized into 12 themes and the following 6 theme clusters: (1) Anxiety due to the extreme vibration and crash, (2) Terror regarding the horrible situation that one cannot face, (3) Anger about the cause of the explosion and a sense of relief about survival, (4) Confusion regarding different rumors, (5) Various efforts to return to daily life, and (6) Trauma that continues to exist. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study recommend that railroad organizations and managers should pay attention to enhance disaster preparedness and develop organizational disaster coping guidelines for members. The results of this study can help us to better understand the various aspects of the Iri station explosion of 1977.

Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of the Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to translate Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS) into Korean and verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the TSIS. METHODS: This study used a methodological research design. Exploratory factor analysis, content, construct, criterion-related validity, and internal consistency reliability of the TSIS were evaluated. Participants, 269 nursing students, were recruited from three universities in three provinces in South Korea from November 2016 to April 2017. RESULTS: The Korean version of TSIS contained 16 items. Exploratory factor analysis showed three factors that explained the construct validity with a three-factor solution; that explained 61.3% of the total variance. Concurrent validity was associated with the Global Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale (r=.68, p<.001). Cronbach's α for the 16 items was .80. CONCLUSION: Our study findings suggest that the Korean version of TSIS was a valid and reliable scale with a robust factorial structure and useful for measuring social intelligence of nursing students.

Factors Influencing Safety Care Activities of Hospital Nurses / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among fatigue, patient safety culture and safety care activities of hospital nurses, and to identify and explain factors influencing safety care activities. METHODS: The research participants were 187 nurses from a urban general hospital located in Korea. Self-evaluation questionnaires were used to collect the data. Data collection was done from January 10 to 31, 2019. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with the SPSS 24.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant negative relationships between fatigue and safety care activities (r=−.22, p=.003), and significant positive relationships between patient safety culture and safety care activities (r=.22, p=.003). Factors influencing safety care activities in hospital nurses were identified as type of unit (ICU) (β=.28), patient safety culture (β=.24) and fatigue (β=−.19). The explanation power of this regression model was 16% and it was statistically significant (F=8.29, p<.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest the need to develop further management strategies for enhancement of safety care activities in hospital. To improve the levels of patient safety, education programs on patient safety should be developed and provided to nurses in hospitals.

Social Disaster Adaptation Experiences of Railroad Workers: Focused on the Iri Station Explosion of 1977 / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE@#The Iri station explosion that occurred in 1977 was a major social disaster in Korea, caused by a fire in a train equipped with explosives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the social disaster adaptation experiences of railroad workers.@*METHODS@#This study was based on qualitative research using phenomenological methodology. Participants were six railroad workers who experienced the Iri station explosion. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with individual workers from March to June, 2018. The data analysis method was based on Colaizzi's approach.@*RESULTS@#Experiences of railroad workers were categorized into 12 themes and the following 6 theme clusters: (1) Anxiety due to the extreme vibration and crash, (2) Terror regarding the horrible situation that one cannot face, (3) Anger about the cause of the explosion and a sense of relief about survival, (4) Confusion regarding different rumors, (5) Various efforts to return to daily life, and (6) Trauma that continues to exist.@*CONCLUSION@#The findings of this study recommend that railroad organizations and managers should pay attention to enhance disaster preparedness and develop organizational disaster coping guidelines for members. The results of this study can help us to better understand the various aspects of the Iri station explosion of 1977.

Hospital Nurses' Experiences of Conflict and Conflict Resolution / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate conflicts and the experiences of conflict resolution of hospital nurses. METHODS: This qualitative study used phenomenological methodology. The research participants were 8 nurses of C hospital. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews from November 2016 to February 2017. The data analysis method was based on Colaizzi's approach. RESULTS: The study results showed that the experiences of nurses consisted of 15 themes and 6 theme clusters: 1) Ambiguous role, 2) Recognizing lack of competence, 3) Difficulty maintaining relationships, 4) Unsatisfactory work environment, 5) Efforts to resolve conflicts, and 6) Conflict resolution process through labor union. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study recommend that hospital organizations and managers should pay attention to improving the work environment and organizational culture of members. The results of the present study can improve the understanding of various aspects of the daily life of hospital nurses.

Mediating Effect of Communication Skill in the Relationship between Fatigue and Clinical Practice Stress in Nursing Students / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: Fatigue and clinical practice stress can negatively influence nursing students. This study was done to examine of communication skill as mediating effect variable in the relationship between fatigue and stress during clinical practice. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was employed. Research participants were 124 nursing students from G city and J province. Data were collected from December 1, 2016 to January 30, 2017 using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Baron and Kenny method. RESULTS: Fatigue had a significant negative correlation with communication skill (r=−.28, p=.001). Fatigue had a significant positive correlation with clinical practice stress (r=.39, p < .001). In addition, communication skill had a mediating effect in the relationship between fatigue and clinical practice stress. CONCLUSION: findings of this study indicate that communication skill plays an important role in reducing clinical practice stress in nursing students. Therefore, in the field of nursing education, a program to improve the communication ability of nursing students should be developed and applied.

Influences of Participation Motivation and Satisfaction of Nursing Students on Continuance Willingness of Voluntary Activities / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the relationship between participation motivation, satisfaction and continuance willingness of voluntary activities of nursing students, and to identify factors influencing continuance willingness of voluntary activities. METHODS: The research participants were 175 nursing students in the nursing departments of 3 universities located in G city and J province in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. RESULTS: Participants' scores for participation motivation, satisfaction and continuance willingness of voluntary activities were 3.24±0.76, 3.11±0.83 and 3.03±0.85 respectively. Participation motivation and satisfaction of voluntary activities had positive correlations. Satisfaction and continuance willingness of voluntary activities had positive correlations. Factors influencing nursing students' continuance willingness of voluntary activities included participation motivation and satisfaction of voluntary activities. And these variables explained 74% of the variance in continuance willingness of voluntary activities. CONCLUSION: The findings show that development and application of educational programs to increase participation motivation and satisfaction of voluntary activities are important and will improve nursing students' continuance willingness of voluntary activities.

Hospital Nurses' Experiences of Conflict and Conflict Resolution / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE@#The purpose of this study was to investigate conflicts and the experiences of conflict resolution of hospital nurses.@*METHODS@#This qualitative study used phenomenological methodology. The research participants were 8 nurses of C hospital. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews from November 2016 to February 2017. The data analysis method was based on Colaizzi's approach.@*RESULTS@#The study results showed that the experiences of nurses consisted of 15 themes and 6 theme clusters: 1) Ambiguous role, 2) Recognizing lack of competence, 3) Difficulty maintaining relationships, 4) Unsatisfactory work environment, 5) Efforts to resolve conflicts, and 6) Conflict resolution process through labor union.@*CONCLUSION@#The findings of this study recommend that hospital organizations and managers should pay attention to improving the work environment and organizational culture of members. The results of the present study can improve the understanding of various aspects of the daily life of hospital nurses.

Influences of Communication Skill and Interpersonal Ability on Clinical Competence of Nursing Students / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the relationship between communication skill, interpersonal ability and clinical competence of nursing students, and to identify factors influencing clinical competence. METHODS: Research participants were 172 nursing students in the nursing departments of 3 universities located in G city and J province. The students had completed over 2 semesters of clinical practice. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. RESULTS: Participants' scores for communication skill, interpersonal relationships and clinical competence were 3.81±0.42, 3.74±0.43 and 3.49±0.43 respectively. Communication skill, interpersonal relationships and clinical competence had positive correlations. Factors influencing nursing students' clinical competence included communication skill, interpersonal relationships, subjective health status and satisfaction with nursing as a major. These variables explained 40% of the variance in clinical competence. CONCLUSION: The findings show that development and application of educational programs to increase communication skill and interpersonal relationships are important and will improve nursing students' clinical competence.

Effects on Critical Thinking Disposition and Empathy on Cultural Competency in Nursing Students / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of critical thinking disposition and empathy on cultural competency in nursing students. METHODS: The participants were 199 nursing students from D, H, and W universities in J province. Data were collected from April 1 to May 30, 2016, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0. RESULTS: The mean score for critical thinking disposition was 3.53±0.37, for empathy, 3.73±0.33, and for cultural competency, 3.23±0.40. Critical thinking disposition showed a positive correlation with cultural competency (r=.32, p<.001) and empathy showed a positive correlation with cultural competency (r=.31, p<.001). Critical thinking disposition showed a positive correlation with empathy (r=.36, p<.001). Significant factors that influenced cultural competency were critical thinking disposition, empathy, foreign residents in the family, and participating in cultural education. These variables explained 18% of cultural competency. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that critical thinking disposition and empathy enhancement programs should be developed to increase cultural competency in nursing students. There is also a need for further studies to examine effects of developed programs.

Effects on Problem Solving Ability and Learning Satisfaction of Nursing Students of Receiving a Teaching Method Using Standardized Patients - Blood Transfusion / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects on problem solving ability and learning satisfaction in nursing students using a teaching method with a standardized patient (SP) receiving blood transfusion. METHOD: The research design was a quasi-experimental pre-and-post-test control and experimental group for the methodological comparison study. Participants were 43 (Exp.=22, Cont.=21) nursing students in G city. The experimental group participated in the teaching class using SP. The control group received conventional education using a simple model. Data were collected between June 5 and July 15, 2015, through self-report structured questionnaires and data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the level of problem solving ability (t=-2.75, p=.009), and learning satisfaction (t=-2.53, p=.016) between the experimental and control groups. CONCLUSION: The research findings indicate that, the teaching method using an SP is more effective in improving nursing students' problem solving ability and learning satisfaction compared to conventional education using a simple model. In the future it is necessary to develop scenarios of various cases and content, and to test their effectiveness.

Factors Influencing Preventive Health Behaviors for Cancer in Undergraduates / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate factors influencing preventive health behaviors in undergraduates, including knowledge about, and attitudes to cancer. METHODS: The participants were 219 undergraduates in H, and C Universities in G City, and K University in S City. Data were collected from April 1 to June 30, 2014, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0. RESULTS: The mean score for knowledge about cancer was 18.70. The mean score for attitude to cancer was 3.19, and the mean score for preventive health behaviors was 3.12. Knowledge about cancer showed a positive correlation with attitude to cancer and a positive correlation with preventive health behaviors. Attitude to cancer showed a positive correlation with preventive health behaviors. Significant factors that influenced preventive health behaviors for cancer were attitudes to cancer, age, worries about cancer, smoking, and regular exercise. These variables explained 43.5% of preventive health behaviors for cancer. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study indicate that programs to enhance positive attitudes to cancer prevention should be developed to increase preventive health behaviors in undergraduates and that further study should be done on the effects of such programs.

Effects of Ego-resilience and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction in Psychiatric Nurses / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of ego-resilience and work environment on job satisfaction in psychiatric nurses. METHODS: The participants were 170 nurses from M, W, and S mental hospitals in J province. Data were collected from March 1 to April 30, 2015, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0. RESULTS: The mean score for ego-resilience was 36.7+/-4.25, for work environment, 30.9+/-3.57, and for job satisfaction, 56.86+/-6.88. Ego-resilience showed positive correlations with work environment (r=.195, p=.011) and job satisfaction (r=.252, p=.001). Work environment showed a positive correlation with job satisfaction (r=.513, p<.001). Significant factors that influenced job satisfaction were ego-resilience, work environment, marital status, religion and type of duty. These variables explained 33.4% of job satisfaction. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that an ego-resilience and work environment enhancement programs should be developed to increase job satisfaction in psychiatric nurses. There is also a need for further studies to examine effects of developed programs.

The Influence of Self-resilience and Academic Self-concept on Test Anxiety in Undergraduates / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of self-resilience, academic self-concept and test anxiety in undergraduates. METHOD: The participants were 403 undergraduates in H, C University in G City, and K University in S City. Data were collected from March 1 to April 30, 2012, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: The mean score per item for self-resilience was 2.77. The mean academic self-concept score was 3.17 and the mean score for test anxiety was 2.38. Self-resilience showed a negative correlation with test anxiety (r=-.186, p<.001) and a positive correlation with academic self-concept (r=.312, p<.001). Academic self-concept showed a negative correlation with test anxiety (r=-.353, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that self-resilience and academic self-concept enhancement programs should be developed to reduce test anxiety in undergraduates and that further study should be done on the effects of such programs.

Life Experiences of Korean Patients with Hansen's Disease in Sorok Island Hospital

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify life experiences of Korean patients with Hansen's disease (leprosy). METHODS: For this study, 5 participants from Sorok Island Hospital were purposively chosen. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews from June to July 2014. Data analysis method was based on Colaizzi's approach. RESULTS: The study results showed that experiences of patients with Hansen's disease consisted of 14 themes and six theme clusters: 1) Bad disease approaching as fate; 2) Family breakup and far from the village; 3) New life in Sorok Island Hospital; 4) Treatment of Hansen's disease and disability; 5) Life in the disease community; 6) Comfort and hope of life. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that health care professionals should pay attention to patients with Hansen's disease not only to reduce their physical and psychological suffering, but also to help the community and public culture to reduce the social stigma surrounding this disease and causing suffering for the patients. The results of the present study can help us to have a better understanding of various aspects of patients' lived experiences.

May 18 Democratic Uprising and Experiences of Nursing Activities in the Gwangju Area / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to define the experiences of nursing activities in Gwangju area during the May 18 (5 . 18) Democratic Uprising over 30 years ago. METHODS: Data were collected in 2010 and 2011 through individual in-depth interviews. Ten nurses who worked in general hospitals in the Gwangju area during the 5 . 18 Democratic Uprising were interviewed using open-ended questions. Each interview lasted about 2~3 hours. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Van Kaam's method of phenomenological analysis. RESULTS: Four categories emerged from the analysis: anxiety about the incident which was experienced for the first time; progress of the 5 . 18 events and relationship to participants; changes in nursing environment; retrospection and wishes related to the 5 . 18 incident. CONCLUSION: This oral history study revealed more clearly of the experiences of nursing activities in the Gwangju area during the 5 . 18 Democratic Uprising. The data may provide a basis for writing history nursing in the community, and can be a basis for guidelines covering nursing care in crisis.

The Mediating and Moderating Effect of Professional Self-concept in Relationship between Emotional Labor and Burnout of Organ Transplantation Coordinators / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: To determine the mediating as well as moderating effect on both the emotional labor and burnout of professional self-concept perspective organ transplantation coordinators (OTC)'. METHODS: A self-report questionnaire was collected from 86 OTCs nationwide. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe' test, Pearson' Correlation Coefficients, AMOS 20.0, and multiple regression. RESULTS: For effects of professional self-concept on emotional labor and burnout, higher emotional labor was related to higher burnout. When professional self-concept was mediated, emotional labor had a greater effect on burnout however, a partial mediating effect was detected. From the regression analysis with the independent variables of emotional labor (A) and professional self-concept (B), adding relation of both variables (AxB) increased the explained variance to 56.3% (p<.05). It was confirmed that professional self-concept had a moderating effect on emotional labor and burnout. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that, when professional self-concept was mediated emotional labor of an OTC decreased, and burnout decreased when professional self-concept was high. Also, by controlling professional self-concept, emotional labor and burnout decreased. Therefore, it's necessary to map out the environment and develop strategies to reduce emotional labor and burnout in organ transplantation coordinators.

A Study on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Need for Sex Education in High School Students

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of knowledge, attitudes and needs of sex education in high school students. METHODS: There were 258 participants who were high school students in S high school in G city. Data were collected from October 1 to October 31, 2011, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 19.0. RESULTS: The mean score for sexual knowledge was 69.78, sexual attitudes was 63.66, and needs of sex education was 75.37. Sexual knowledge had positive correlation with needs of sex education (r=.17, p=.007). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated a need to develop programs for high school students to increase appropriate sexual knowledge, and to encourage appropriate sexual attitudes, and to reflect needs of sex education.

A study on Burnout, Emotional labor, and Self-efficacy in Nurses / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of burn out, emotional labor and self-efficacy in nurses, and to identify predictors of burnout. METHOD: The participants were 268 nurses working in C university hospital in G city. Data were collected from May 1 to May 31, 2010, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 12.0. RESULTS: The mean score per item for burnout was 3.13, the mean emotional labor score was 3.15, and the mean of self-efficacy score was 3.42. Burnout showed negative correlation with self-efficacy (r=-.339, p=.000), and showed positive correlation with emotional labor (r=.511, p=.000). Variables that predicted burnout were emotional labor, self-efficacy, gender, number of assigned patient per duty (37.8%). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate a need to develop programs for nurses to increase self-efficacy and to control the emotion, and the need for further studies to examine causal relationship among burn out, emotional labor and self-efficacy.